🔍 Description:
This post introduces Java’s Object-Oriented Programming model by breaking down the four fundamental principles — Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction — with real-world analogies and simple code examples. It also walks through how classes and objects work in Java, making it easy for readers to apply the concepts in their own projects.
🔐 Encapsulation
Encapsulation is the concept of hiding internal data and only exposing what’s necessary through methods. It protects an object's state and promotes modular code.
👉 Example: Using private fields and public getters/setters.
🧬 Inheritance
Inheritance allows a class (subclass) to acquire properties and behaviors from another class (superclass), promoting code reuse and hierarchy.
👉 Example: A Dog class can inherit from an Animal class.
🌀 Polymorphism
Polymorphism lets one interface or method behave differently based on the object that calls it. It supports method overloading and overriding.
👉 Example: A method draw() behaves differently for Circle and Rectangle.
🧩 Abstraction
Abstraction is about hiding complex implementation details and showing only the essential features of an object. Achieved through abstract classes and interfaces.
👉 Example: You interact with a List interface, not worrying whether it's an ArrayList or LinkedList.
